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Extreme waves developed in this fashion tend to be longer lived. The currents where these are sometimes seen are the Gulf Stream and Agulhas current. This can cause the waves to dynamically join together, forming very big 'rogue' waves. When waves formed by a storm develop in a water current against the normal wave direction, an interaction can take place which results in a shortening of the wave frequency. If the swells are travelling in the same direction, these mountainous waves may last for several minutes before subsiding.įocusing of wave energy. These four phenomena are reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. This process can form unusually large, towering waves that quickly disappear. There are four wave phenomena in all waves. As these swells pass through one another, their crests, troughs, and lengths sometimes coincide and reinforce each other. In ocean waves, we see this occur when a wave encounters an object like. Extreme waves often form because swells, while traveling across the ocean, do so at different speeds and directions. Diffraction occurs when a wave encounters an obstruction in its path and will change direction, or wrap around it. Exactly how and when rogue waves form is still under investigation, but there are several known causes:Ĭonstructive interference. Since these waves are uncommon, measurements and analysis of this phenomenon is extremely rare. Most reports of extreme storm waves say they look like "walls of water." They are often steep-sided with unusually deep troughs. Rogues, called 'extreme storm waves' by scientists, are those waves which are greater than twice the size of surrounding waves, are very unpredictable, and often come unexpectedly from directions other than prevailing wind and waves. Waves are the forward movement of the oceans water due to the oscillation of water particles by the frictional drag of wind over the waters surface. Rogue, freak, or killer waves have been part of marine folklore for centuries, but have only been accepted as real by scientists over the past few decades.